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''Le Bœuf sur le toit'', Op. 58 (English title, ''The Ox on the Roof: The Nothing-Doing Bar'') is a surrealist ballet made on a score composed by Darius Milhaud, which was in turn strongly influenced by Brazilian popular music. The title is that of an old Brazilian tango, one of close to 30 Brazilian tunes (choros) quoted in the composition. The piece was originally to have been the score of a silent Charlie Chaplin film (''Cinéma-fantaisie'' for violin and piano). Its transformation into a ballet (Pantomime Farce) was the making of the piece, with a scenario by Jean Cocteau, stage designs by Raoul Dufy, and costumes by Guy-Pierre Fauconnet. There is no real story to speak of, but a sequence of scenes based on music inspired by Brazil, a country in which the composer spent two years during World War I. The stage set is that of a bar frequented by a number of characters: a bookmaker, a dwarf, a boxer, a woman dressed in men's clothing, a policeman who is decapitated by the blades of an overhead fan before he is revived, and a number of others. The first actors were in fact clowns from the Medrano circus, the Fratellini. The choreography was deliberately very slow, in marked contrast to the lively and joyful spirit of the music. The premiere was given in February 1920 at the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées and comprised, besides the ballet, ''Adieu New York'' by Georges Auric, ''Cocardes'' by Francis Poulenc and ''Trois petites pièces montées'' by Erik Satie.〔(Jazz Life: Around the World in 80 steps to get to le bœuf! ), July 30, 2011〕 The version for chamber orchestra was followed by another for piano duet, subtitled ''Cinema Symphony on South American Airs'' (its performance lasts about a quarter of an hour). The ballet gave its name to a celebrated Parisian cabaret-bar, Le Bœuf sur le toit, which opened in 1921 and became a meeting-place for Cocteau and his associates. ==Analysis== The music for the piece cycles through keys in this manner: C, Cm, Eb, Ebm, Gb, F#m, A, G, Gm, Bb, Bbm, Db, C#m, E, D, Dm, F, Fm, Ab, Abm (later becoming G#m), B, A and then finally in C again to close the work. The opening, and oft-repeated, rondo theme rises in tonality on each restatement initially by a minor third, but after each fourth appearance is reiterated a whole tone lower instead. It is stated twice in C major, at the very beginning and the very end, and interestingly also twice in A major separately in the middle of the work. Some minor keys are not modulated to but others are, and the jaunty opening theme is restated in each of the twelve major keys in turn according to the key scheme enumerated above, piquantly satirizing in quintessential French manner certain didactic German teaching pieces that plod dryly and humorlessly through all twelve major keys, like the two such works for organ written as exercises for that instrument by the young Beethoven in his Bonn student days that contain absolutely nothing of the originality and expressive power of the great works of his maturity. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Le bœuf sur le toit」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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